Persistent organic pollutants distribution in plasma lipoprotein fractions / Distribuição persistente de poluentes orgânicos em frações de lipoproteínas plasmáticas

Abstract This study determines the associations among serum lipid profiles, risk of cardiovascular disease, and persistent organic pollutants. Using Gas chromatography technique, the intensity of toxic pollutant residues in serum samples of Hypertensive patients were measured. Based on statistical analysis, the effects of different covariates namely pesticides, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile duration was checked using the logistic regression model. Statistical computation was performed on SPSS 22.0. The P-values of F-Statistic for each lipid profile class are greater than 0.01 (1%), therefore we cannot reject the null hypothesis for all cases. The estimated coefficients, their standard errors, Wald Statistic, and odds ratio of the binary logistic regression model for different lipid profile parameters indicate if pesticides increase then the logit value of different lipid profile parameters changes from -0.46 to -0.246 except LDL which increases by 0.135. The study reports a significantly increased threat of cardiovascular disease with increased concentrations of toxic pollutants.

Resumo Este estudo determina as associações entre o perfil lipídico sérico, o risco de doença cardiovascular e os poluentes orgânicos persistentes. Por meio da técnica de cromatografia gasosa, mediu-se a intensidade dos resíduos de poluentes tóxicos em amostras de soro de pacientes hipertensos. Com base na análise estatística, os efeitos de diferentes covariáveis ​​- ou seja, pesticidas, idade, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica e duração do perfil lipídico - foram verificados usando o modelo de regressão logística. O cálculo estatístico foi realizado no SPSS 22.0. Os valores P da estatística F para cada classe de perfil lipídico são maiores que 0,01 (1%), portanto não podemos rejeitar a hipótese nula para todos os casos. Os coeficientes estimados, seus erros padrão, estatística de Wald e odds ratio do modelo de regressão logística binária para diferentes parâmetros do perfil lipídico indicam se os pesticidas aumentam, então o valor logit de diferentes parâmetros do perfil lipídico muda de -0,46 para -0,246, exceto LDL, que aumenta em 0,135. O estudo relata um aumento significativo da ameaça de doença cardiovascular com aumento das concentrações de poluentes tóxicos.

Associations between various lipid components and premature myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: Hyperlipidemia is closely related to premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study was performed to explore the correlation between various blood lipid components and the risk of premature AMI. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study. Consecutive patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), who completed coronary angiography from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2022 in our hospital, were enrolled and divided into premature AMI group (male<55 years old, female<65 years old) and late-onset AMI group. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), non-HDL-C/HDL-C and ApoB/ApoA-1 were analyzed. The correlation between the above blood lipid indexes and premature AMI was analyzed and compared by logistic regression, restricted cubic spline and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: A total of 1 626 patients with STEMI were enrolled in this study, including 409 patients with premature AMI and 1 217 patients with late-onset AMI. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of premature AMI increased significantly with the increase of TG, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL-C, ApoB/ApoA-1, TC and ApoB quintiles; while LDL-C, ApoA-1 and Lp (a) had no significant correlation with premature AMI. The restricted cubic spline graph showed that except Lp (a), LDL-C, ApoA-1 and ApoB/ApoA-1, other blood lipid indicators were significantly correlated with premature AMI. The ROC curve showed that TG and non-HDL-C/HDL-C had better predictive value for premature AMI. Inconsistency analysis found that the incidence and risk of premature AMI were the highest in patients with high TG and high non-HDL-C/HDL-C. Conclusion: TG, non-HDL-C/HDL-C and other blood lipid indexes are significantly increased in patients with premature AMI, among which TG is the parameter, most closely related to premature AMI, and future studies are needed to explore the impact of controlling TG on incidence of premature AMI.

Manipulação de oócitos inclusos em folículos ovarianos pré-antrais e a importância dos antioxidantes ­ revisão de literatura / Manipulation of oocytes included in preantral ovarian follicles and the importance of antioxidants ­ literature review / Manipulación de ovocitos incluidos en folículos ováricos preantrales e importancia de los antioxidantes - revisión de la literatura

A manipulação de oócitos inclusos em folículos ovarianos pré-antrais (MOIFOPA) vem sendo estudada pensando na perspectiva futura de aplicação direta na reprodução humana, principalmente para mulheres que sofrem de doenças ou que precisam passar por tratamentos que interferem na função ovariana. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é revisar aspectos relacionados com a biotécnica de MOIFOPA e a importância dos antioxidantes no cultivo in vitro de folículos pré-antrais. Foi realizada uma pesquisa na base de dados PubMed, buscando artigos sobre a biotécnica, principalmente relacionados com a necessidade do uso de antioxidantes no cultivo. A grande maioria dos estudos sobre a biotécnica utilizam como modelo experimental os folículos ovarianos de diferentes espécies de animais. A MOIFOPA compreende o isolamento e o resgate de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais provenientes de ovários, seguido da conservação através da técnica de resfriamento ou congelação e o cultivo folicular in vitro, a fim de promover o crescimento, a maturação e a fecundação in vitro (FIV) dos oócitos inclusos nesses folículos, maximizando o potencial reprodutivo feminino e diminuindo a atresia folicular que acontece in vivo. Um aspecto que pode interferir no sucesso do cultivo in vitro de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais é a produção em excesso de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Os ácidos ascórbico e alfa lipóico vem demonstrando resultados interessantes para reduzir os efeitos que as EROs causam sobre os folículos ovarianos pré-antrais cultivados in vitro.

The manipulation of oocytes included in preantral ovarian follicles (MOEPF) has been studied considering the future perspective of direct application in human reproduction, especially for women who suffer from diseases or who need to undergo treatments that interfere with ovarian function. In this context, the objective of this paper is to review aspects related to the biotechnology of MOIFOPA and the importance of antioxidants. A search was carried out in the PubMed database, searching for articles on biotechnology, mainly related to the need to use antioxidants in cultivation. The vast majority of studies on biotechnology use ovarian follicles from different species of animals as an experimental model. MOIFOPA comprises the isolation and rescue of preantral ovarian follicles from ovaries, followed by conservation through the cooling or freezing technique and in vitro follicular cultivation, in order to promote growth, maturation and in vitro fertilization ( IVF) of the oocytes included in these follicles, maximizing the female reproductive potential and decreasing the follicular atresia that occurs in vivo. One aspect that may interfere with the success of in vitro culture of preantral ovarian follicles is the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ascorbic and alpha lipoic acids have shown interesting results in reducing the effects that ROS cause on in vitro cultured preantral ovarian follicles.

manipulación de ovocitos incluidos en folículos ováricos preantrales (MOIFOPA) se ha estudiado con la perspectiva futura de su aplicación directa en la reproducción humana, especialmente en mujeres que padecen enfermedades o que necesitan someterse a tratamientos que interfieren en la función ovárica. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los aspectos relacionados con la biotécnica de MOIFOPA y la importancia de los antioxidantes en el cultivo in vitro de los folículos pré-antrais. Se realizó una investigación en la base de datos PubMed, buscando artículos sobre la biotecnología, principalmente relacionados con la necesidad del uso de antioxidantes en el cultivo. La mayoría de los estudios sobre biotecnología utilizan como modelo experimental los folículos ováricos de diferentes especies de animales. El MOIFOPA incluye el aislamiento y rescate de los folículos ováricos preantrales de los ovarios, seguido de su conservación mediante la técnica de enfriamiento o congelación y el cultivo folicular in vitro, con el fin de promover el crecimiento, la maduración y la fecundación in vitro (FIV) de los ovocitos incluidos en estos folículos, maximizando el potencial reproductivo femenino y disminuyendo la atresia folicular que se produce in vivo. Un aspecto que puede interferir en el éxito del cultivo in vitro de folículos ováricos preantrales es la producción excesiva de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS). El ácido ascórbico y el ácido alfa lipoico han mostrado resultados interesantes para reducir los efectos que causan las ERO en los folículos ováricos preantrales cultivados in vitro.

Lipoprotein apheresis efficacy and challenges: single center experience

Abstract Introduction Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is an extracorporeal therapy which removes apolipoprotein B-containing particles from the circulation. We evaluated techniques and efficiency of lipoprotein apheresis procedures applied to patients with familial and non-familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) at our center. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 250 LA procedures applied to 27 patients with dyslipidemia between March 2011 and August 2019. Results A total of 27 patients, of whom 19 (70.4%) were male and 8 (29.6%), female, were included. Eighteen (66.7%), 6 (22.2%) and 3 (11.1%) patients were diagnosed with non-FH, homozygous FH (HoFH) and heterozygous FH (HeFH), respectively. Two different apheresis techniques, direct adsorption of lipoproteins (DALI) (48.8%) and double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) (51.2%), were used. The change in the serum total cholesterol (TC) level was the median 302 mg/dl (171-604 mg/dl) (60.4%) in HoFH patients, 305 mg/dl (194-393 mg/dl) (60.8%) in HeFH patients and 227 mg/dl (75-749 mg/dl) (65.3%) in non-FH patients. The change in the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level was the median 275 mg/dl (109-519 mg/dl) (64.2%), 232 mg/dl (207-291 mg/dl) (64.5%) and 325 mg/dl (22-735 mg/dl) (70.9%) in patients with HoFH, HeFH and non-FH, respectively. A significantly effective reduction in serum lipid levels, including TC, LDL and triglycerides, was achieved in all patients, regardless of the technique, p< .001. The decrease in the serum TC and LDL levels was significantly higher in the DFPP, compared to the DALI, being 220 mg/dl (-300 to 771) vs 184 mg/dl (64-415), p< .001 and 196 mg/dl (11-712) vs 157 mg/dl (54-340), p< .001, respectively. Conclusions Our results showed that LA is a highly effective treatment in reducing serum lipid levels and safe, without any major adverse event.

The beneficial effects of virgin olive oil against oxidative stress induced by hypercholesterolemia in rats

Cardiovascular disease(CVD) remains the major cause of mortality in the world, typically claiming a third of all deaths. The primary cause of CVD is atherosclerosis. Therefore, timely prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis are able to reduce the risk of the development of its clinical manifestations. Anti-atherosclerotic activity of medicinal plants mainly appears in their multiple effects.This study was carried out to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of virgin olive oil in experimentally induced hyperlipemic Wistar. A total of 24 rats were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups and treated as follows for 50 days: (1) Normal control (NC); that were fed with a standart diet; (2) High Cholesterol Diet Control (HCD); which received high cholesterol diet for 50 days; (3) Animals receiving high cholesterol diet for 50 days, after this period the animals are fed for eight days by the standard foodand receiving by gavage virgin olive oil (HCD+VOO) and(4) Animals fed for eight days with the standard food and receiving by gavage olive oil (VOO). High Cholesterol Diet containing yolk egg and coconut oil. Results showed that olive oil caused a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in serum levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low­Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL) and Atherogenic Index Serum (AIS). The results also demonstrated a significant (p < 0.01) increase in High­Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL). Moreover, virgin olive oil induced a significant reduction in liver lipid content. On the other hand, a High cholesterol diet induced oxidative stress was measured by estimating reduced glutathione level and amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formed as an index of lipid peroxidation in a liver and a heart. Virgin olive oil supplementation attenuated all these variations. Our observations of the study indicate that the virgin olive oil has a significant antihyperlipidemic potential.

Lipoprotein apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a single center research / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who can't reach low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) target goals with the maximal tolerated dose of lipid-lowering agents. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Between February 2015 and November 2019, patients with FH who were admitted in Fuwai hospital and treated with LA were consecutively enrolled. Based on intensive lipid-lowering agents, these patients received LA by double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) method. The changes of lipid levels such as LDL-C and lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] were compared before and after LA treatment, and the changes of immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration and LA-related adverse effects were also discussed. Results: A total of 115 patients with FH were enrolled in this study, of which 8 cases were homozygous FH and 107 cases were heterozygous FH. The age was (43.9±12.2) years and there were 75 (65.2%) males, and 108 (93.8%) with coronary artery disease. For pre-and immediately after LA treatment, the LDL-C was (5.20±2.94) mmol/L vs. (1.83±1.08) mmol/L, Lp(a) concentration was 428.70(177.00, 829.50)mg/L vs. 148.90(75.90, 317.00) mg/L (P<0.001), with a decrease of 64.2% and 59.8% respectively. The levels of IgG and IgA measured 1 day after LA treatment were both in the normal range and IgM concentration was below the reference value, the reductions of which were 15.1%, 25.0% and 58.7% respectively (P<0.001). Six patients had mild symptoms of nausea, hypotension dyspnea and palpitation, the symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: For patients with FH who do not achieve LDL-C target goal with the maximal tolerated lipid-lowering agents, especially those with elevated Lp(a) levels, LA, which can significantly further reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) levels, is an effective and safe option.

Chinese expert consensus on non-traditional blood lipid parameters to control the risks of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease / 中华预防医学杂志

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the general name of a series of diseases based on atherosclerosis. With the development of the social economy and the progress of population aging in China, the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing. However, in recent years some clinical studies have proved that the traditional blood lipid indicators, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have some limitations in the risk control of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and the blood lipid indicators need to be further supplemented and improved. This consensus expounds non-traditional blood lipid indexes from the perspectives of test and clinic, mainly including apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein a, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein residue, and non-fasting blood lipid. This consensus systematically expounds the pathophysiological mechanism of non-traditional blood lipid indexes, the relationship with cardiovascular disease, detection methods and performance, intervention, control and application in the state of cardiovascular disease, and gives the corresponding clinical expert suggestion.

Association between Periodontitis and Myocardial Infarction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract The association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction remains unclear in the literature. Few studies have addressed periodontitis exposure as a predisposing factor for the development of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present systematic review aims to analyze the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction. This meta-analysis systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, SCIELO, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature for studies estimating the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction. Quality of evidence was assessed for all studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Four of the six studies selected were included in the meta-analysis, including 1,035,703 subjects. The association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction was: RR: 5.99 (95% CI: 1.17-30.68), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%; p <0.01). The results including only the highest quality articles, was lower: RR: 2.62 (95% CI: 1.47-4.70 3.83), but with lower heterogeneity (I2 = 85.5%; p < 0.01).The present systematic review with meta-analysis showed an association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction, but with a high level of heterogeneity.

Niveles séricos de interleucina-6 en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y su correlación con el perfil lipídico / Serum levels of interleukin-6 in patients with type 2 diabetes and its correlation with the lipid profile

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por hiperglucemia, a consecuencia de defectos en la producción, secreción y/o acción de la insulina, produciendo alteraciones en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono, lípidos y proteínas; asociado a un proceso inflamatorio crónica en un plazo variable, que provocara lesiones macro y microvasculares. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles séricos de interleucina-6 (IL-6) en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 y su correlación con el perfil lipídico. Métodos: Se realizó estudio descriptivo analítico y transversal, comprendido por 60 adultos de ambos sexos entre 30 a 60 años, con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que acudieron a consulta de Endocrinología del Hospital Militar Universitario Dr. Carlos Arvelo. Se les determino glucemia basal, interleucina-6, perfil lipídico, resultados relacionados con parámetros antropométricos, composición corporal, la edad y tiempo de evolución de la diabetes. Resultados: La edad promedio de 51,60 años ± 6,51, donde el 71,6% correspondieron al sexo femenino y el 28,3% al masculino, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes entre 1 mes y 37 años, con un promedio de 10,97 años. Se presentó correlación positiva baja y estadísticamente significativa entre interleucina 6 y los parámetros de triglicéridos, VLDL y no-HDL Conclusión: Se encontró valores elevados de IL-6 en todos los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, así como una correlación positiva entre IL-6 y las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos. Esto respalda la idea de que la hipertrigliceridemia puede causar cambios inflamatorios en pacientes diabéticos y esto elevaría el riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes(AU)

Associations of blood biomarkers and structural changes in atherosclerosis in the Longitudinal study of adult heath (Elsa-Brasil): emphasis on pre-and postmenopausal women / Associações de biomarcadores sanguíneos e mudanças estruturais na aterosclerose no Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil): ênfase em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Cardiovascular risk prediction is incomplete and new markers may help in the early identification of atherosclerosis. Brazilian epidemiological data in women are scarce. Objectives: To review the impact of menopause and diabetes on lipids, lipoprotein subfractions and cardiovascular risk; evaluate cardiometabolic risk in women from the ELSA-Brasil, as well as associations of blood biomarkers [lipoprotein subfractions, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA)] and structural changes of atherosclerosis [presence of calcium in the coronary arteries (CAC)] according to age and menopausal status. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline analyzes of 2,258 female participants from the São Paulo site of the ELSA-Brasil, stratified by age and menopausal status, with specific sample and eligibility criteria for each paper. Descriptive statistics, between-group comparisons and multiple regression were performed according to the nature and distribution of the variables for each paper. Results: Paper 1: Literature revision enabled conclusions regarding the association of menopause and diabetes with a worse lipid profile, including hypertriglyceridemia, lower levels of HDL-c and HDL2-c, higher levels of HDL3-c and small dense LDL-c. Postmenopausal diabetic women consist of the highest cardiovascular risk level. Paper 2: Comparing pre- and postmenopausal women categorized according to time since menopause [menopausal duration <2 years, 2-5.9 years, 6-9.9 years or ≥ 10 years (n=1916)], postmenopausal women had a worse lipid and lipoprotein subfraction profile and duration of menopause <2 years was independently associated with remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-c) [7.21 mg/dL (95% CI 3.5910.84)] and smaller denser VLDL3-c [2.43 mg/dL (95%CI 1.023.83)], but no associations of menopausal categories with HDL-c or LDL-c subfractions were found, when taking premenopausal women as reference. Paper 3: Comparing premenopausal ≤ or >45 years and postmenopausal women (n=2047), postmenopausal ones had the worst cardiometabolic risk profile. CAC>0 was found to be associated with TRL-c and dense LDL-c, but not with BCAA levels nor HOMA-IR. Postmenopausal women were about twice as likely to have CAC>0 than younger premenopausal ones [OR 2.37 (95%CI 1.17-4.81)]. Discussion: Our findings suggest that natural menopause is associated with changes in lipoprotein fractions and subfractions (especially in the first 2 years post-menopause) and with calcium deposition in the coronary arteries independently of age and other risk factors, but not with BCAA nor HOMA-IR. Deep investigation on lipid profile and other biomarkers in women approaching to menopause is needed in order to identify cardiovascular risk, prevent cardiovascular outcomes and provide better health conditions.

Introdução: A doença cardiovascular se constitui na principal causa de morbimortalidade em mulheres globalmente. A predição de evento cardiovascular é incompleta e novos marcadores de risco cardiometabólico podem auxiliar na identificação precoce da aterosclerose. Dados epidemiológicos brasileiros no sexo feminino são mais escassos. Objetivos: Revisar o impacto da menopausa e diabetes nas lipoproteínas, subfrações e risco cardiovascular; avaliar o perfil de risco cardiometabólico de mulheres do ELSA-Brasil, bem como associações de marcadores sanguíneos [subfrações de lipoproteínas circulantes, índice de resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR) e aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (BCAA)] e estruturais [cálcio nas artérias coronárias (CAC)] de aterosclerose segundo sua idade e estado menopausal. Métodos: Análise transversal de dados basais de 2258 mulheres acompanhadas no centro de São Paulo do ELSA-Brasil, estratificadas por idade e estado menopausal, respeitando características amostrais estabelecidas para cada artigo. Estatística descritiva, testes de comparação entre grupos e análises de regressão múltipla foram realizadas conforme natureza e distribuição das variáveis para cada artigo. Resultados: Artigo 1: A revisão da literatura permitiu concluir sobre a associação de menopausa e diabetes com pior perfil lipídico, consistindo de hipertrigliceridemia, baixos níveis de HDL-c e HDL2-c e elevados de HDL3-c e LDL-c pequena e densa. Mulheres menopausadas com diabetes apresentam o maior risco cardiovascular. Artigo 2: Comparando-se mulheres pré-menopausadas com as menopausadas, categorizadas segundo tempo de menopausa [duração <2 anos; 2-5,9 anos; 6-9,9 anos e ≥ 10 anos (n=1916)], aquelas na pós-menopausa apresentaram perfil de lipoproteínas e suas subfrações mais aterogênico e a duração da menopausa <2 anos associou-se independentemente com remanescentes de lipoproteínas ricas em triglicérides (TRL-c) [7,21 mg/dL (IC95% 3,5910,84)] e com a partícula pequena e densa de VLDL3-c [2,43 mg/dL (IC95% 1,023,83)], mas não foram encontradas associações de categorias de menopausa com as subfrações de HDL-c ou LDL-c, considerando-se as pré-menopausadas como referência. Artigo 3: Comparando mulheres pré-menopausadas com idade ≤ ou >45 anos e as menopausadas (n=2047), pior perfil de risco cardiometabólico foi encontrado em mulheres na pós- menopausa. Observou-se associação entre CAC>0 com TRL-c e LDL-c densa, mas não com HOMA-IR e BCAA. Mulheres menopausadas tiveram cerca de 2 vezes mais chance de apresentar CAC>0 quando comparadas com mulheres mais jovens na pré-menopausa [OR 2,37 (IC95% 1,17-4,81)]. Discussão: Nossos achados sugerem que a menopausa natural está associada a alterações no perfil lipídico tradicional e subfrações (especialmente nos primeiros 2 anos pós-menopausa) e ao depósito de cálcio nas artérias coronárias independentemente da idade e de outros fatores de risco, mas não com BCAA e HOMA-IR. Investigação aprofundada do perfil lipídico e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres que se aproximam da menopausa pode melhorar a identificação de risco, prevenção de desfechos cardiovasculares e proporcionar melhores condições de saúde.

Associations of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular outcomes with climatic variations in a large Brazilian population of Campinas, São Paulo state: an eight-year study

In this eight-year retrospective study, we evaluated the associations between climatic variations and the biological rhythms in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a large population of Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil, as well as temporal changes of outcomes of cardiovascular hospitalizations. Climatic variables were obtained at the Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture (University of Campinas - Unicamp, Brazil). The plasma lipid databases surveyed were from 27,543 individuals who had their lipid profiles assessed at the state university referral hospital in Campinas (Unicamp). The frequency of hospitalizations was obtained from the Brazilian Public Health database (DATASUS). Temporal statistical analyses were performed using the methods Cosinor or Friedman (ARIMA) and the temporal series were compared by cross-correlation functions. In normolipidemic cases (n=11,892), significantly different rhythmicity was observed in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) both higher in winter and lower in summer. Dyslipidemia (n=15,651) increased the number and amplitude of lipid rhythms: LDL-C and HDL-C were higher in winter and lower in summer, and the opposite occurred with triglycerides. The number of hospitalizations showed maximum and minimum frequencies in winter and in summer, respectively. A coincident rhythmicity was observed of lower temperature and humidity rates with higher plasma LDL-C, and their temporal series were inversely cross-correlated. This study shows for the first time that variations of temperature, humidity, and daylight length were strongly associated with LDL-C and HDL-C seasonality, but moderately to lowly associated with rhythmicity of atherosclerotic outcomes. It also indicates unfavorable cardiovascular-related changes during wintertime.

Correlation between estimated plasma remnant-like particle cholesterol and vegetable fat intake in Uku town, Japan

BACKGROUND@#Remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) is highly atherogenic, which is associated with atherosclerosis. However, RLP-C has not been routinely measured in the clinical practice. We estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles and examined the association between estimated RLP-C and related factors including nutrient intake.@*METHODS@#This study was performed in Uku town, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan in 2019. A total of 225 subjects were enrolled and directly measured RLP-C levels. Estimated RLP-C levels were defined as the following formula [total cholesterol - (LDL-cholesterol) - (HDL-cholesterol)]. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between estimated RLP-C and atherogenic factors. We calculated cut-off values on dichotomized RLP-C (< 7.5 mg/dL vs. ≥ 7.5 mg/dL) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*RESULTS@#The mean values of directly measured RLP-C levels and estimated RLP-C were 4.0 mg/dL and 16.4 mg/dL, respectively. In the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, directly measured and estimated RLP-C levels were independently and commonly associated with apolipoprotein E, triglycerides, and vegetable fat intake (inversely). Using ROC curves, we found the cut-off value of estimated RLP-C was 22.0 mg/dL.@*CONCLUSION@#We demonstrated that the estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles may substitute for directly measured RLP-C and these levels were independently and inversely associated with vegetable fat intake in the community-dwelling Japanese population.

Effect of lipoprotein / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the effect of hyperlipoproteinemia (α) on immediate expansion after coronary stent implantation guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).@*METHODS@#A total of 160 patients (175 lesions) with coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary artery angiography, who were performed percutaneous intervention guided by IVUS in the Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were enrolled retrospectively.According to the concentration of lipoproteina, the patients were divided into 2 groups: a hyperlipoproteinemia (α) group and a control group. Cardiac ejection fraction was measured with echocardiography. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influential factors for hyperlipoproteinemia (α). The target vessel was examined by IVUS to analyze the immediate expansion effect of hyperlipoproteinemia (α) after stent implantation.@*RESULTS@#The mean stent expansion index, lesion length, stent number, stent symmetry index and posterior balloon diameter were (94.73±18.9)%, (52.92±29.1) mm, (2.11±0.85), (83.62±13.07)%, and (9.46±2.00) mm in the hyperlipoproteinemia (α) group, respectively. Compared with the control group, there were significantly difference (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Hyperlipoproteinemia (α) appears to be a predictor of stent underexpansion, and the decreased creatinine clearance rate is an independent risk factor for hyperlipoproteinemia (α).

Coronary artery calcium is associated with lpa gene variant RS7765803-C in Mexican mestizo population The GEA Project

ABSTRACT Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are genetically determined; high levels are a risk factor for coronary disease, although their association with coronary artery calcium (CAC) is controversial. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of LPA gene polymorphisms with CAC in a Mexican Mestizo population. Methods: We included 1594 subjects 35-70 years old. Six polymorphisms of the LPA gene were analyzed. CAC score was determined by tomography and Lp(a) serum levels by immunonephelometry. The association of LPA polymorphism with CAC and Lp(a) was evaluated by logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL was 10%, and of CAC >0 was 26.9%. Three polymorphisms were associated with high Lp(a) levels: rs10455872-G (p = 0.013), rs6907156-T (p = 0.021), and rs7765803-C (p = 0.001). Homozygotes (CC) for the rs7765803 variant compared with the G allele (CG + GG) carriers had higher Lp(a) levels (8.9 [3.3-23.9] vs. 4.9 [2.3-11.2] mg/dL; p = 0.015) and higher prevalence of CAC >0 (36.5% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.045) and were associated with CAC > 0 (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-2.7; p < 0.026). The other polymorphisms were not associated with CAC. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate in a Mexican Mestizo population that carriers of the rs7765803-C allele of LPA gene have 2.6 times greater risk for high Lp(a) values and 1.7 times higher risk for coronary artery disease.

Razão carboidrato fibra <= 10:1 na identificação de alimentos à base de cereais saudáveis: panorama do consumo, associação com fatores de risco cardiometabólico e impacto na ingestão de nutrientes / The <= 10:1 carbohydrate to fiber ratio to identify healthful grain foods: panorama of consumption, association with cardiometabolic risk factors and impact on nutrient intake

Introdução: Há necessidade de métodos para avaliar a qualidade de alimentos à base de cereais a fim de promover a conscientização dos consumidores, a reformulação de alimentos e esforços políticos como diretrizes, rotulagem e alegações de saúde. Nesse sentido, a presença de 1 g de fibra em 10 g de carboidrato (razão ≤10:1) tem sido proposta na identificação de alimentos à base de cereais com melhor qualidade nutricional. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a aplicação da razão ≤10:1 na identificação de alimentos à base de cereais saudáveis, sua associação com fatores de risco cardiometabólico, avaliar o panorama do consumo desses alimentos e seus determinantes, assim como o potencial impacto nutricional de estratégias para aumentar o seu consumo na população do município de São Paulo. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados provenientes do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo de 2003, 2008 e 2015. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de indivíduos de 12 anos ou mais residentes na área urbana do município. Participantes responderam a um questionário semiestruturado, a pelo menos um recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, e tiveram coletadas amostras de sangue, antropometria e medidas de pressão arterial. Alimentos do grupo dos cereais que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 tiveram o valor nutricional comparado aos alimentos que não se enquadraram nesse critério por meio de regressão linear com variância robusta. Investigamos a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ≤10:1 e fatores de risco cardiometabólico por meio de regressão linear múltipla (primeiro manuscrito). O consumo desses alimentos nos anos 2003, 2008 e 2015 foi comparado por meio de testes de tendência e sua associação com características sociodemográficas foi investigada por meio de regressão logística, assim como a predição de consumo para os próximos anos (segundo manuscrito). O impacto nutricional da substituição do arroz branco e do pão branco por seus correspondentes integrais foi avaliado por meio de mudanças na média de ingestão de alimentos que atenderam à razão ≤10:1, energia e nutrientes (terceiro manuscrito). Resultados: Alimentos que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 apresentaram menor carboidrato disponível (-3,0 g/porção), açúcar total (-7,4 g/porção), açúcar de adição (-7,2 g/porção) e gordura saturada (-0,7 g/porção); e maior fibra alimentar (+3,5 g/porção), proteína (+2,1 g/porção), potássio (+100,1 mg/porção), ferro (+0,9 mg/porção), selênio (+4,2 µg/porção), magnésio (+38,7 mg/porção) e zinco (+1,1 mg/porção). Cada aumento de 1% de energia (E) desses alimentos foi associado a níveis sanguíneos mais baixos de triacilglicerol (-10,7%), razão triacilglicerol/HDL-c (-14,9%), insulinemia de jejum (-13,6%) e HOMA-IR (-14,0%). De 2003 a 2015, houve aumento no consumo cereais que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 (de 0,9%E para 1,5%E) e na proporção da população consumindo esses alimentos (de 8,7% para 15,8%). Estima-se que 19,9% da população consumirá algum tipo de cereal atendendo ao critério ≤10:1 em 2030. Maior chance de consumo desses alimentos foi observada entre indivíduos mais velhos (+78%), mulheres (+28%), pessoas com ensino superior (+137%) e níveis mais altos de renda familiar (+135%), enquanto participantes que relataram etnia negra, parda ou indígena apresentaram menor chance (-30%). A substituição do arroz branco e do pão branco por arroz integral e pão integral, respectivamente, resultaria em aumento da ingestão de zinco (9,1%), cálcio (9,3%), vitamina E (18,8%), fibra alimentar (27,0%) e magnésio (52,9%), e na diminuição de carboidratos totais (-6,1%), folato (-6.6%), carboidratos disponíveis (-8,5%), vitamina B6 (-12,5%), vitamina B2 (-17,4%), e vitamina B1 (-20,7%). A ingestão de alimentos que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 pré e pós-modelagem foi de 4,0% e 69,4% da ingestão de cereais totais, respectivamente, um aumento de 220 g/d. Conclusões: A razão ≤10:1 identificou alimentos à base cereais com maior qualidade nutricional e a maior ingestão desses alimentos foi associada à redução de fatores de risco cardiometabólico relacionados à dislipidemia aterogênica e resistência à insulina. De 2003 a 2015, houve aumento no consumo de cereais que atenderam à razão ≤10:1, mas esse consumo permanece abaixo dos níveis recomendados. Menor probabilidade de ingestão de alimentos que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 foi observada entre mais jovens, sexo masculino, com menor escolaridade e renda familiar e de etnia negra, parda e indígena, nesse período. A substituição de alimentos à base de cereais por opções equivalentes que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 pode levar a mudanças favoráveis no conteúdo nutricional da dieta, além de notável aumento na proporção de cereais que atenderam à razão ≤10:1 em relação aos cereais totais.

Introduction: There is a pressing need for methods to assess the healthfulness of grain foods to promote consumer awareness, evidence-informed industry reformulations, and policy efforts such as guidelines, labeling, and health claims. In this sense, the presence per 10 g of carbohydrate of at least 1 g of fiber (≤10:1-ratio) has been proposed as a pragmatic metric to identify healthier grain products. Objective: To investigate the application of the ≤10:1-ratio to identify healthful grain foods, and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, to evaluate trends and determinants of this intake, as well as to estimate the potential nutritional impact of strategies to increase the consumption of these foods in São Paulo population. Methods: Data came from the population-based study Health Survey of São Paulo (2003, 2008 and 2015). This is a cross-sectional, population-based study including a probabilistic sample of urban residents in São Paulo. Participants aged 12+ years answered a structured questionnaire, at least one 24-h dietary recall, had blood sample, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements collected. The nutritional value of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio was compared to grain foods not meeting this criterion using univariate linear regressions with robust variance. The association between the intake of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors was assessed by multivariable linear regression models (First manuscript). The consumption of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio from 2003 to 2015 was investigated using linear regression models. Determinants of these intakes and prediction of the prevalence of intake for the next years were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models (Second manuscript). We estimated the potential nutritional impact of replacing white rice and white bread with healthful equivalent options in mean change of healthful grain foods, energy and nutrients intake (Third manuscript). Results: Foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio had lower available carbohydrate (-3.0 g/serving), total sugar (-7.4 g/serving), added sugar (-7.2 g/serving) and saturated fatty acids (-0.7 g/serving), as well as more dietary fiber (+3.5 g/serving), protein (+2.1 g/serving), potassium (+100.1 mg/serving), iron (+0.9 mg/serving), selenium (+4.2 µg/serving), magnesium (+38.7 mg/serving) and zinc (+1.1 mg/serving). Each increase in 1% of energy (E) of these foods was associated with lower levels of blood triacylglycerol (-10.7%), the triacylglycerol/HDL-c ratio (-14.9%), fasting insulin (-13.6%), and HOMA-IR (-14.0%). From 2003 to 2015, a growing trend in the intake of grain foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio (from 0.9 %E to 1.5%E) was observed. Also, the proportion of the population consuming at least one-grain food meeting the ≤10:1-ratio increased from 8,7% in 2003 to 15,8% in 2015, and 19,9% of the population would be consuming some kind of healthful gain food by 2030. Older individuals (+78%), females (+28%), those with higher education (+137%), and higher family income (+135%) were more likely to consume grain foods meeting the ratio, whereas participants who self-reported black, brown or indigenous ethnicity were less likely to consume these foods (-30%). The substitution of white rice and white bread for brown rice and whole wheat bread, respectively, would result in increased intake of zinc (9.1%), calcium (9.3%), vitamin E (18.8%), dietary fiber (27.0%) and magnesium (52,9%), while decreased intake of total carbohydrate (-6.1%), available carbohydrate (-8.5%), vitamin B6 (-12,5%), vitamin B2 (-17,4%), and vitamin B1 (-20,7%) would be seen. Pre- and post-modeled healthful grain foods intake were 4,0% and 69,4% of total grain intake, respectively, an increase of 220 g/d. Conclusion: The ≤10:1-ratio identified grain foods with higher nutritional quality, and higher intakes of these foods were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors related to atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. There was a growing trend to consume grain foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio from 2003 to 2015, but this consumption continues to be far from recommended levels. Overall, younger individuals, males, those with lower education levels, lower family income, and who self-reported black, brown or indigenous ethnicity were less likely to consume grain foods meeting the ≤10:1-ratio from 2003 to 2015. Shifting consumption from usually eaten grain foods to healthful equivalent options may lead to favorable changes in nutrient content of the diet, in addition to a remarkable increase in healthful grain foods intake.

Statistical study of the relationship between hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes in rural population of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria

Aim : The main objective of our work was to assess the relationship between type 2 diabetes, hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia in the population of Tizi-Ouzou. By evaluating the relationship between hyperuricemia and some blood lipid parameters, we thus establish, in type 2 diabetes, the correlation between uremia and these lipid parameters. Subjects and methods: The survey was carried out by means of an individual questionnaire. We excluded from our study pregnant women, patients with cancer, patients with end-stage renal disease and subjects who did not respond to the questionnaire. Results: Serum uric acid level increased with age (p = 0.025). Hyperuricemia was associated with heart disease (p = 0.0007). All patients with gout presented an elevated serum uric acid (p = 0.000001). Dyslipidemia was more common in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (p = 0.0008). Triglyceridemia was significantly associated with hyperuricemia (p = 0.025). The relationship between type 2 diabetes and glomerular filtration rate was not significant, while the latter was decreased in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (p = 0.0001). In, stratified analysis, age was effect modifier, the age-dependent results make us understand that resistance to insulin constitutes a significant factor of hyperuricemia. Conclusion: The association between hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes emphasizes that insulin resistance acts on both lipid parameters and uricemia. A diet correcting dyslipidemia may also correct the uricemia

Physical Activity Patterns and Their Associated Factors Measured by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Survey among Korean / 대한스포츠의학회지

Research on physical activity and health is actively being conducted. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was newly introduced in 2014. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of physical activity and related factors in Koreans who were assessed through the GPAQ by dividing the physical activity by occupation, leisure, and transport domain. This study used data from the KNHANES (2014–2016), the study population of which included 17,357 participants aged 12 to 80 years. We compared the differences in physical activity by sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and psychological health-related factors. Moreover, we also compared the mean metabolic equivalent of task and daily sitting time according to physical activity domain by sex and age group. Finally, we investigated the sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and psychological health-related factors that significantly affect the average physical activity per week. The various factors were found to differ in the frequency of physical activity levels. In addition, there was a difference in the amount of physical activity per occupation, leisure, and transport domain in each age group. Finally, age, sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, arthritis, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis, sleeping time, and perceived health status significantly affected physical activity. The levels of physical activity significantly differed by sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and psychological health-related factors. There was also a difference in the physical activity levels according to the age and sex per each domain of physical activity.

Novel Associations between Related Proteins and Cellular Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have examined the structure-function relationship of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This study aimed to identify and rank HDL-associated proteins involved in several biological function of HDL.METHODS: HDLs isolated from 48 participants were analyzed. Cholesterol efflux capacity, effect of HDL on nitric oxide production, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were assessed. The relative abundance of identified proteins in the highest vs. lowest quartile was expressed using the normalized spectral abundance factor ratio.RESULTS: After adjustment by multiple testing, six proteins, thyroxine-binding globulin, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, plasma serine protease inhibitor, vitronectin, angiotensinogen, and serum amyloid A-4, were more abundant (relative abundance ratio ≥2) in HDLs with the highest cholesterol efflux capacity. In contrast, three proteins, complement C4-A, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and immunoglobulin mu chain C region, were less abundant (relative abundance ratio <0.5). In terms of nitric oxide production and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, no proteins showed abundance ratios ≥2 or <0.5 after adjustment. Proteins correlated with the functional parameters of HDL belonged to diverse biological categories.CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study ranked proteins showing higher or lower abundance in HDLs with high functional capacities and newly identified multiple proteins linked to cholesterol efflux capacity.

The Long and Winding Road: To the Proper Understanding of High-density Lipoprotein

No abstract available.